#Felina pica syndrome skin#

It is included in this section for convenience. Feline hyperaesthesia syndrome is an existing example of this formerly it was considered a compulsive disorder, and although it's aetiology not fully understood it is no longer considered to be a compulsive disorder. It is likely that, with further knowledge, conditions currently described together as compulsive disorders in animals will be found to have a diverse aetiology. For example, trichotillomania in humans is now considered a form of impulse control disorder (a body-focussed repetitive disorder), rather than a classical compulsive disorder. In humans, repetitive behaviours are associated with a wide range of neurological and mental health problems, and the former classification of compulsive disorders has changed to take into account the specific aetiology associated with certain conditions. In cats, the commonest forms of compulsive disorder relate to grooming, but tail chasing, light and shadow and the consumption of non-food items (pica) are also seen. Furthermore, for feline asthma, there was low-to-moderate efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells, inhaled lidocaine and oclacitinib.Feline Compulsive Disorders This section is part of Feline Problem BehaviourĬompulsive disorders involve repetitious, ritualised behaviours that are out of context and serve no function. Evidence pointed to low-to-moderate efficacy for antihistamines, fatty acids, and palmitoyl ethanolamide for FASS. For feline asthma, there was good evidence for efficacy of oral and inhaled glucocorticoids, and limited evidence of moderate efficacy for ASIT. Good evidence for efficacy of systemic glucocorticoids and cyclosporin, and limited evidence for efficacy of topical glucocorticoids, oclacitinib and ASIT, were noted for FASS. The last of the ICADA review articles ( 4) includes the first systematic review of therapeutic interventions for FAS, including both FASS and feline asthma. Furthermore, whereas ASIS is more widely available and more convenient, it only measures circulating allergen-specific IgE and does not take into account cutaneous histaminergic and non-histaminergic pathways and test reliability is variable ( 2). Although IDAT gives immediate results and is biologically relevant, it lacks standardization ( 2). As in dogs, IDAT is the “gold standard” in feline allergy medicine. Allergy testing in cats can be pursued using IDAT and/or ASIS.

Efficacy of allergy test based ASIT for spontaneous feline asthma has been demonstrated and could be 1 of the treatments of choice for spontaneous feline asthma, so long as the causative allergens can be precisely identified by either IDAT or allergen-specific IgE serology (ASIS) ( 14, 15). There are additional reports describing co-existing allergic dermatitis with asthma, including evidence of improvements from intra-dermal allergy test (IDAT) based allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) ( 13). This syndrome is, therefore, the equivalent of what has previously been described as feline atopy or nonflea nonfood-induced feline hypersensitivity dermatitis ( 5 ).

#Felina pica syndrome skin#

Respiratory disease diagnosed as probable or definitive asthma was reported as accompanying 6 to 7% of 145 cats in 2 publications of cats diagnosed with FASS ( 5, 9). Feline atopic skin syndrome is an inflammatory and pruritic skin syndrome of cats manifested by a spectrum of reaction patterns, that may be associated with IgE antibodies to environmental allergens. Conjunctivitis was reported in 4.8% (11 of 230) of cats and gastrointestinal signs in 3.9% (9 of 230). Of 230 cats affected by FASS, described in 7 manuscripts in which specifics regarding the presence of extra-cutaneous signs were provided, 8.3% (19 of 230) of the cats reportedly had some form of respiratory disease, including sneezing and asthma ( 2, 5, 9, 12). Of the 263 FASS cats, 37.7% were reported as having at least 2 syndromes ( 2).

There is only some evidence for a heritable component to development of allergic dermatitis in cats from a few studies, including in the Abyssinian, Somali, Ocicat, Siamese, Persian, Maine coon, Devon rex, and Himalayan breeds ( 5, 8– 11).Ī review of 10 manuscripts describing 263 cats diagnosed exclusively with FASS provided the following prevalence rates for the 4 allergic reaction patterns: 31.2% with MD 60.1% with SIAH 43.0% with HNP and 25.9% with EGC (1 or more forms). Also, in contrast to humans and dogs, little is known regarding contributions of heritability to FASS. However, cutaneous lesions of FASS are far more variable in appearance and less predictable in distribution ( 2). In humans and dogs, atopic dermatitis is typically associated with a limited range and distribution of clinical signs. Elimination or exclusion of fleas/flea allergy, other parasites, infections, and FA is mandatory before reaching a diagnosis of FASS ( 2).

Similar to atopic dermatitis in dogs, FASS is a clinical diagnosis based on presence of compatible clinical signs and exclusion of other diseases with similar clinical features.